subspecies of mountain lion, are listed as critically endangered on the endangered species list. Fish & Wildlife Service in 2011, although individuals from western populations have been confirmed to wander as far as the East Coast. The eastern cougar, a subspecies of mountain lion, was declared officially extinct by the U.S. By preserving enough wilderness to support a stable mountain lion population, countless other species of plants and animals that share mountain lion habitat benefit. A mountain lion usually requires about 13 times as much area as a black bear or 40 times as much area as a bobcat to thrive. Mountain lions are an "umbrella species" for conservation because their conservation depends on the preservation of large amounts of habitat. While there are still several thousand mountain lions in the wild, their population has significantly decreased from their historical population due to unsustainable hunting, habitat destruction, and conflicts with livestock. Due to conservation efforts, mountain lion populations in the western United States are stable, although far lower than they were historically. The species was maliciously hunted and almost eradicated from the eastern United States. Throughout the 1800s and early 1900s, people feared the mountain lion because it posed a risk to their livestock. The species was so wide-reaching and populous that it had multiple subspecies that varied based on location. The historic range of the mountain lion included almost all of North and South America.
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